Giorgio Zappa

The minimum hail test of IEC 61215 uses 25 mm ice balls, carrying about 2 joules per impact. In the results published in the Kiwa PVEL 2026 Scorecard, at 45 mm glass breakage affects 61% of the sample of 2.0 + 2.0 mm glass-glass modules, against 7% of the thicker-glass group. Part one of a three-part series: construction features, certifications and tests for assessing module resistance.

The CONSAP Register established by Article 19 of Decree-Law 25/2026 reserves to those enrolled the assessment of catastrophe losses to insured buildings, backed by a criminal sanction. In little over five months the entry requirements have changed twice. Who can enrol today, what is required in the transitional window open until 1 April 2028, and what is still missing before the Register exists as a working procedure.